Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about 23.03 to 5.332 million years ago (wiki)
Connected Sites
| Site | Rationale | Link |
| Alejandro de Humboldt National Park | It was a Miocene-Pleistocene refuge site, particularly in the glacial eras, for the Caribbean biota (AB ev) | |
| Amami-Oshima Island | The formation of the Okinawa Trough in late Miocene resulted in the separation of a chain from the Eurasian Continent, forming an archipelago of small islands. Terrestrial species became isolated on these small islands and evolved to form unique and rich biota. (AB ev) | |
| Brazilian Atlantic Islands | Die Pyroklastika wurden dann im Oberen Miozän (Tortonium) vor rund 9 Millionen Jahren BP von phonolithischen und trachytischen Staukuppen und Gangen unterschiedlichster Zusammensetzung intrudiert. (Wiki) | |
| Central Highlands | Ecological separation from India in the late Miocene. | |
| Donana National Park | The marshes result from a subsidence of the continental plate in the Upper Miocene and Lower Pliocene, which caused a depression later filled by fluvial and aeolic deposits. (AB) | |
| Fanjingshan | "The ancient and relic plants and sporopollen indicate that the area has been montane landform at least since the Miocene epoch" (twhs description) | |
| French Austral Lands and Seas | Miocene epoch is suggested for the common ancestry of the present−day genera of penguins | |
| Galapagos Islands | In comparison with most oceanic archipelagos, the Galapagos are very young with the largest and youngest islands, Isabela and Fernandina, with less than one million years of existence, and the oldest islands, Espanola and San Cristobal, somewhere between three to five million years. (Wiki) | |
| Garajonay | It arose about 10-12 million years ago, when huge blocks of the oceanic crust emerged from the ocean floor and different volcanic episodes increased its size. | |
| Gulf of California | The Gulf of California came into existence approximately 16.5 to 9.2 million years before present, when tectonic forces rifted the Baja Peninsula from the North American Plate. (EOEarth) | |
| Huascaran National Park | El macizo se conforma íntegramente de granito y su levantamiento se inició en el límite neógeno-cuaternario hace 5.332 millones de años. (wiki) | |
| Kinabalu Park | In geological terms, it is a very young mountain as the granodiorite cooled and hardened only about 10 million years ago. | |
| Laurisilva of Madeira | "The volcano formed atop an east-west rift in the oceanic crust along the African Plate, beginning during the Miocene epoch over 5 million years ago, continuing into the Pleistocene until about 700,000 years ago. This was followed by extensive erosion, producing two large amphitheatres open to south in the central part of the island." Wiki | |
| Lord Howe Island | Lord Howe Island is the highly eroded remains of a 7 million-year-old shield volcano, the product of eruptions that lasted for about a half-million years. (Wiki) | |
| Macquarie Island | The geological evolution of Macquarie Island began 10 million years ago and continues today with the island experiencing earthquakes and a rapid rate of uplift, all of which are related to active geological processes along the boundary between the two plates. Nom file | |
| Malpelo | "Malpelo Island is composed of Miocene pillow lavas, volcanic breccias, and basaltic dikes that have been dated as being 16 to 17 million years old. This island and the underlying and underwater Malpelo Ridge were created along with the Carnegie Ridge in the Late Miocene by a very complex interaction between the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Centre and the Galápagos hotspot" (Wiki) | |
| Pirin National Park | Entstanden im Rahmen der alpidischen Gebirgsbildung in Europa in der erdgeschichtlichen Epoche der Periode des Neogen (Pliozän/Miozän). Wiki | |
| Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River | The karst is estimated to be between 20 million years old. | |
| Rock Islands | The archipelago as a whole is volcanic in origin, formed during the Miocene era (AB ev) | |
| Sinharaja Forest | Ecological separation from India in the late Miocene. The OUV emphasises the endemism arising from this. | |
| Socotra Archipelago | "..comprises an..igneous basement from the Pre-Cambrian Era and a complex of early Palaeozoic rocks which are overlain by a mantle of limestones ...from the Cretaceous and Eocene Age..... The continental promontory on which Socotra is located separated from Africa some 36mya at the same time as the rifting which created the Gulf of Aden" (Nom File) | |
| Sub-Antarctic Islands | The Auckland, Campbell and Antipodes islands are primarily of recent volcanic origin. The first two are eroded volcanic domes created 10-15 million years ago. The western sides of all three groups have been eroded significantly, creating steep cliffs, while on the eastern sides lava flows and glaciers from the Pleistocene era (about 2 million years ago) have formed U-shaped valleys, fiords and harbours. The Antipodes volcano is the youngest and least eroded. | |
| Te Wahipounamu | Uplift has been fastest during the last 5 million years, and the mountains continue to be raised today by tectonic pressure, causing earthquakes on the Alpine Fault. (Wiki) | |
| Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley | "Palynological assemblages from the Tehuacán Formation (TF), geochronologically dated as Middle Miocene (15.6 ± 0.4 Ma), provide evidence of a highly diverse flora that, at the generic level, is similar to the extant flora in the Tehuacán Valley. We propose that, during Miocene times, plant communities may have been formed of similar botanical elements to those seen today in the region, with some taxa adapted to semiarid conditions." | |
| Teide National Park | The shield volcanoes date back to the Miocene and early Pliocene. (Wiki) |
Suggestions?
Do you know of another WHS we could connect to Miocene?
A connection should:
- Not be "self evident"
- Link at least 3 different sites
- Not duplicate or merely subdivide the "Category" assignment already identified on this site.
- Add some knowledge or insight (whether significant or trivial!) about WHS for the users of this site
- Be explained, with reference to a source